Ethereum Lifts Block Gas Limit to 60M Ahead of Fusaka (4 minute read)
Ethereum validators have collectively raised the L1 block gas limit from 45M to 60M, roughly doubling base-layer transaction capacity versus a year ago. The change was enabled by protocol safeguards (EIP-7623), client optimizations, and testnet evidence that the network can safely handle larger blocks. It lands just days before the Fusaka hard fork, which introduces PeerDAS and further rollup throughput gains. |
Upbit Hit by $37M Solana Hot-Wallet Hack (3 minute read)
South Korea's largest exchange, Upbit, detected about 54B KRW (~$37M) in "abnormal withdrawals" of Solana-ecosystem tokens to an unknown external wallet and has halted all deposits and withdrawals on Solana. The exchange says it moved remaining funds to cold storage. It has already frozen ~$8.2M of LAYER. Upbit will fully compensate affected users from its own reserves. |
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Polymarket Secures CFTC Approval for Return (5 minute read)
Polymarket has received a CFTC Amended Order of Designation, enabling US users to trade through futures commission merchants and traditional brokerages under a full federal regulatory framework. The approval follows Polymarket's 2022 decision to block US access amid regulatory pressure. It reflects growing regulatory acceptance of prediction markets as a mature financial product and positions the platform alongside other federally supervised exchanges with intermediated access rather than direct retail participation. The company previously signaled November relaunch plans. |
From Chains to Network Economies: ZKsync Interop & ZK Token Utility (4 minute read)
The real crypto opportunity is a shared cryptographic messaging fabric connecting L2s. Today, global finance runs on siloed messaging rails that can't verify each other, creating huge coordination costs. ZKsync Interop + "Prividium" private L2s aim to replace that fragmentation with verifiable cross-chain messages anchored to Ethereum, creating a base for ZK token utility via interop fees. |
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Post-TGE Scorecard for 2025's Big Token Launches (5 minute read)
Across 2025's major TGEs, only a handful of tokens (AVICI, YieldBasis, SAHARA, and LMTS) are still within ~20–60% of their ATHs and count as clear "winners." Most launches have retraced 70–90%, making them headline flops for anyone who didn't sell early. This thread ranks projects from S to D tier based on drawdown from ATH, time since peak, and liquidity. Post-launch PnL has been brutal for typical buyers. |
S&P Downgrades Tether's USDT Stability (6 minute read)
S&P Global Ratings downgraded Tether's USDT stability assessment to 5, the weakest level, warning that bitcoin's 5.6% share of reserves exceeds the 3.9% reserve buffer from Q3 attestations, meaning a material BTC drawdown could leave USDT undercollateralized. Riskier assets, including bitcoin, gold, secured loans, and corporate bonds, climbed to 24% of reserves from 17% a year earlier, with S&P flagging persistent gaps in transparency around custodians, counterparties, and asset composition despite short-term treasuries comprising the majority of holdings. CEO Paolo Ardoino rejected the assessment, claiming Tether is "overcapitalized" and "extremely profitable" while criticizing legacy rating models, as the agency applies similar bitcoin-linked liquidity risk concerns. Strategy received a B-minus speculative-grade rating last month. |
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Finality Is in the Eye of the Behodler (8 minute read)
Finality is conditional on beliefs about the future rather than Bayesian certainty accumulation, with social finality emerging from community consensus that radical protocol changes or deep reverts will be rejected. Protocol finality divides into honest threshold finality relying on Byzantine Agreement safety properties, cryptoeconomic finality adding slashing accountability where rational coalitions avoid attacks costing more in stake than rewards, and representative finality using randomly-sampled committees with stronger assumptions about honest majorities and adaptive corruption resistance. Finality strengthens temporally as transactions progress from single-validator proposals to chain depth to committee endorsement to majority confirmation and eventually social immutability, with categorical notions capturing qualitative shifts in protective assumptions despite feedback loops between confidence and user behavior affecting reversion risk. |
The Volume Map of Prediction Markets (9 minute read)
Polymarket and Kalshi captured 88% of prediction markets' $41.8 billion 2025 volume with $18.7 billion and $18.0 billion respectively. Q3 volumes hit $3 billion, representing 5x growth from 2024, with October crossing $7.4 billion industry-wide as binary and categorical outcomes dominate over sports and scalar formats, with Base and Polygon gaining share for smoother, cheaper trading experiences. Smaller platforms matter for next-wave innovation, including new market formats, liquidity mechanisms, and UX models, despite current volume disparities, comparing the trajectory to early crypto exchanges. PredictionIndex.xyz launched public dashboards tracking total volume, 30-day volume, and 24-hour volume for each platform as the sector accelerates toward potential trillion-dollar annual industry status before the decade's end. |
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